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Oxytocin (Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) is a nine-amino acid peptide released from the posterior pituitary in response to social interaction, touch, and physiological triggers. It acts on a single G-protein coupled receptor (OXTR) distributed throughout the brain and peripheral tissues.
Beyond its established role in reproductive physiology, research has expanded substantially into oxytocin’s effects on social cognition, anxiety, pain modulation, gut function, and metabolic regulation. The breadth of its receptor distribution makes it one of the more pleiotropic peptides currently under active investigation.
Of particular research interest is oxytocin’s interaction with the autonomic nervous system and its anti-inflammatory effects at peripheral tissue sites, which have been documented independently of its central actions.
Key research areas include:
– Social bonding and prosocial behaviour
– Anxiety and stress response modulation
– Pain perception and analgesic effects
– Gastrointestinal motility and gut-brain axis
– Anti-inflammatory activity
– Metabolic regulation and appetite
- Social Cognition & Bonding
Oxytocin’s role in facilitating social recognition, trust, and bonding has been extensively characterised in both animal and human studies. Central administration consistently increases prosocial behaviour and social memory in research models. - Anxiety & Stress Modulation
Research has documented oxytocin’s anxiolytic effects via modulation of the HPA axis and amygdala activity. It reduces cortisol responses to psychosocial stress in animal models and has been studied in clinical anxiety research. - Pain Modulation
Oxytocin has demonstrated analgesic effects in multiple preclinical models, acting through both central and spinal mechanisms. Its anti-nociceptive activity has been documented across inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. - Gastrointestinal Effects
Oxytocin receptors are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Research has documented effects on gut motility, intestinal inflammation, and the gut-brain axis, with implications for GI disorder models. - Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Peripheral oxytocin receptor activation has been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and modulate immune cell activity, supporting a role in systemic inflammatory models beyond its central effects.
Key References:
– Meyer-Lindenberg A et al. Oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011.
– Louvel D et al. Oxytocin in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 1996.
– Szeto A et al. Oxytocin attenuates NADPH-dependent superoxide activity. Am J Physiol. 2008.- Social Cognition & Bonding
| Parameter | Detail |
| Peptide | Oxytocin (Nonapeptide Hormone) |
| Sequence | Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 |
| Molecular Weight | 1007.19 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 50-56-6 |
| Appearance | White lyophilised powder |
| Purity | >99% (HPLC) |
| Vial Size | 10mg |
| Storage | -20°C, protect from light and moisture |
| Reconstitution | Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline |
| Shelf Life | 24 months (lyophilised) / 30 days (reconstituted, refrigerated) |
| Format | Lyophilised powder, single-use research vial |
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